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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Anterior Glenohumeral Instability.

Adam Pickett1, Steven Svoboda

  • 1Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, NY.

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Anterior shoulder instability, including dislocations and subluxations, affects active individuals and can lead to significant joint damage if untreated. This review covers its natural history, pathology, and treatment options for recurrent cases.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Anterior shoulder instability is a prevalent issue, particularly in young, active populations.
  • It can affect individuals across all age groups and may result in severe shoulder arthropathy if not managed appropriately.
  • Understanding the underlying pathology and anatomical variations is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the natural history and pathological changes associated with anterior shoulder instability.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies for shoulder instability.
  • To explore reasons for recurrent instability after surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anterior shoulder instability.
  • Discussion of anatomical variants and pathological morphologic changes.

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  • Analysis of treatment recommendations and causes of treatment failure.

    • Main Results:

    • Anterior shoulder instability encompasses dislocations, subluxations, and recurrent instability.
    • Untreated or improperly treated instability can progress to major shoulder arthropathy.
    • Recurrent instability despite prior surgery may stem from various factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Comprehensive understanding of shoulder anatomy and instability's natural progression is vital.
    • Appropriate treatment is essential to prevent long-term joint damage.
    • Identifying causes of recurrent instability guides further management and improves outcomes.