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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
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Related Experiment Video

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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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Frontal plane kinematics predict three-dimensional hip adduction during running.

Mark W Creaby1, Scott Le Rossignol1, Zachary J Conway1

  • 1School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia.

Physical Therapy in Sport : Official Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Frontal plane kinematics, like pelvic drop and femoral valgus, significantly predict three-dimensional (3D) hip adduction during running. Two-dimensional (2D) analysis may offer a feasible clinical method for assessing this running risk factor.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsGaitMovement screeningVideo

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Running Gait Analysis
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Hip adduction during running is a risk factor for patellofemoral pain.
  • Assessing three-dimensional (3D) hip adduction requires specialized equipment.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) kinematic analysis may offer a more accessible alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if frontal plane kinematics predict 3D hip adduction and internal rotation during running.
  • To explore the potential of 2D video analysis for measuring 3D hip adduction.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional biomechanics laboratory study.
  • Thirty healthy male runners (18-45 years) participated.
  • Measured 2D frontal plane angles and 3D hip adduction/internal rotation during running stance phase.

Main Results:

  • Peak 2D pelvic obliquity and femoral valgus predicted 88% of the variance in peak 3D hip adduction (p < 0.001).
  • Frontal plane kinematics did not predict peak 3D hip internal rotation (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Contralateral pelvic drop and femoral valgus are strong predictors of 3D hip adduction during running.
  • 2D video analysis shows potential as a clinically feasible proxy for measuring 3D hip adduction.
  • This finding may aid in identifying individuals at risk for patellofemoral pain.