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Pharmacologic Management of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Shinichi Takenoshita1, Seiji Nishino1
1Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Abstract:
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is related to medical and social problems, including mental disorders, physical diseases, poor quality of life, and so forth. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition, diseases that result from EDS are narcolepsy type 1, narcolepsy type 2, idiopathic hypersomnia, hypersomnia due to a medical disorder, and others. EDS is usually treated using amphetamine-like central nervous system stimulants or modafinil and its R-enantiomer, armodafinil, wake-promoting compounds unrelated to amphetamines; a variety of new drugs are under development. The side effects of some stimulants are potent and careful selection and management are required.
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