Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.3K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.3K
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.9K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.9K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.1K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.1K
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

718
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
718
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

471
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
471
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

1.4K
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polysubstance use: delay discounting in relationship to remission.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Latency and persistence of renewal in an intensive outpatient clinic.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2026
Same author

The impact of cumulative vulnerabilities on the valuation of cigarettes among veterans seeking to quit smoking.

Addictive behaviors·2026
Same author

Toward a Predictive Model of Success in Contingency Management: A Proof of Concept Study Utilizing Behavioral Economic, Clinical Severity, and Alcohol Use Severity Measures.

The Psychological record·2026
Same author

Impact of four tobacco tax policies on tobacco product purchasing patterns across socioeconomic groups.

Tobacco control·2026
Same author

Celebrating each success: proportion of remission as a measure of recovery from polysubstance use disorder proportion of remission; a recovery measure.

Harm reduction journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

10.3K

Neurocognitive dysfunction in addiction: Testing hypotheses of diffuse versus selective phenotypic dysfunction with a

Warren K Bickel1, Lara N Moody1, Celia R Eddy2

  • 1Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
|August 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurocognitive deficits are common in addiction. Delay discounting, a measure of impulsivity, was the strongest indicator for classifying substance dependence in a study of 260 individuals.

More Related Videos

A Behavioral Test Battery for the Repeated Assessment of Motor Skills, Mood, and Cognition in Mice
07:18

A Behavioral Test Battery for the Repeated Assessment of Motor Skills, Mood, and Cognition in Mice

Published on: March 2, 2019

20.1K
Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-β and Tau Neuropathology
10:02

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-β and Tau Neuropathology

Published on: May 28, 2017

28.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

10.3K
A Behavioral Test Battery for the Repeated Assessment of Motor Skills, Mood, and Cognition in Mice
07:18

A Behavioral Test Battery for the Repeated Assessment of Motor Skills, Mood, and Cognition in Mice

Published on: March 2, 2019

20.1K
Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-β and Tau Neuropathology
10:02

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-β and Tau Neuropathology

Published on: May 28, 2017

28.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Neurocognitive dysfunctions are frequently observed in individuals with substance use disorders.
  • These dysfunctions may reflect generalized impairment or specific deficits contributing to addiction phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurocognitive performance differences between individuals with alcohol/stimulant use disorders and controls.
  • To evaluate the utility of various neurocognitive tasks in classifying substance dependence using machine learning.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 260 participants (alcohol/stimulant users and controls) completed 7 neurocognitive tasks.
  • Analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared group performance.
  • Machine learning classification trees were employed to differentiate between substance-dependent individuals and controls.

Main Results:

  • Significant group differences were found in Delay Discounting, Iowa Gambling, Letter Number Sequencing, and Wisconsin Card Sorting tasks.
  • Classification trees achieved high accuracy (88.3%) in distinguishing substance-dependent individuals from controls.
  • Delay discounting emerged as the most significant predictor in both classification models.

Conclusions:

  • Neurocognitive deficits in addiction are multifaceted, with distinct tasks reflecting different underlying processes.
  • Delay discounting is a robust neurocognitive marker for identifying substance dependence.