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Related Concept Videos

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Dynamics Of Circular Motion: Applications01:17

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Suppose a car moves on flat ground and turns to the left. The centripetal force causing the car to turn in a circular path is due to friction between the tires and the road. For this, a minimum coefficient of friction is needed, or the car will move in a larger-radius curve and leave the roadway. Let's now consider banked curves, where the slope of the road helps in negotiating the curve. The greater the angle of the curve, the faster one can take the curve. It is common for race tracks for...
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Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra
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Turning Charon around on the Styx?

Hugues Allard-Chamard1, Shiv Pillai1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science Immunology
|August 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sestrins contribute to immune system aging. Inhibiting sestrin activity may rejuvenate immunity in older adults and enhance vaccine effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Aging Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Immune senescence, or the aging of the immune system, is a significant factor in increased susceptibility to infections and reduced vaccine efficacy in the elderly.
  • Sestrins are a family of stress-inducible proteins implicated in cellular regulation and aging processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sestrin proteins in driving immune senescence.
  • To explore the potential of sestrin inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to restore immune function in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sestrin levels in immune cells from young and aged individuals.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies to assess the impact of sestrin inhibition on immune cell function.
  • Evaluation of vaccine responses in aged models following sestrin inhibition.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Sestrin levels were found to be elevated in immune cells associated with aging.
  • Inhibition of sestrin activity led to a reversal of key markers of immune senescence.
  • Restored immune cell function and improved vaccine responses were observed in aged models with sestrin inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Sestrins play a critical role in the development of immune senescence.
  • Targeting sestrin activity presents a promising approach to combat immune aging and enhance vaccine efficacy in older populations.