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Thyroid and Cortisol hormones in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A case-control study.

Pooja Patnaik Kuppili1, Raman Deep Pattanayak2, Rajesh Sagar2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India.

Asian Journal of Psychiatry
|August 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone T4 may be a potential biomarker for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, as lower serum T4 levels were observed in ADHD cases compared to controls. Cortisol levels showed no significant difference.

Keywords:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBiomarkerCortisolThyroid hormonesThyroxine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
  • Research into hormonal biomarkers for ADHD is limited, necessitating further investigation.
  • Thyroid hormones and cortisol are key endocrine factors that may influence neurodevelopment and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical profile, socio-demographic status, and co-morbidity in children with ADHD.
  • To compare serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) and cortisol between children with ADHD and healthy controls.
  • To explore the association between these hormonal biomarkers and ADHD severity.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 30 children diagnosed with ADHD (DSM-IV TR) and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
  • Assessment included clinical profiling, ADHD severity scales (Conners' Parent Rating Scale - revised short), and psychiatric interviews.
  • Serum levels of total Triiodothyronine (T3), total Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and cortisol were measured using chemiluminescent immunometric assay.

Main Results:

  • The typical ADHD case was a male, mean age 9.47 years, with the hyperactive subtype.
  • Significantly lower serum T4 levels were found in children with ADHD compared to controls.
  • No significant differences were observed in serum T3, TSH, or cortisol levels between groups. No correlation was found between hormonal biomarkers and ADHD symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • Serum T4 warrants further investigation as a potential biomarker for ADHD.
  • The study did not find cortisol to be a significant biomarker for ADHD in this cohort.
  • Replication studies are needed to confirm the role of T4 and to optimize research resource allocation, particularly in developing countries.