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Emerging arboviruses: Why today?

Ernest Gould1, John Pettersson2,3, Stephen Higgs4,5

  • 1Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV: Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-EHESP), Marseille, France.

One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have re-emerged for centuries, but modern factors like global travel and urbanization accelerate their spread. Understanding mosquito vectors is key to predicting future arbovirus emergence.

Keywords:
Anthropology,Arthropods,Dispersal,Emerging arboviruses,Evolution,Global distributionMosquitoes,

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are not a new phenomenon, despite recent media attention on chikungunya and Zika virus.
  • Pathogen emergence and re-emergence have occurred for centuries, with arboviruses being a significant concern.
  • Current arbovirus emergence and spread are accelerated by global transportation, urbanization, and ecological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the factors contributing to the emergence and dispersal of pathogenic arboviruses.
  • To highlight the critical role of mosquito vectors in arbovirus epidemiology.
  • To identify arboviruses with the potential for future re-emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of historical and current arbovirus emergence events.
  • Focus on ecological and societal factors driving arbovirus spread.
  • Case studies of specific arboviruses and their mosquito vectors.

Main Results:

  • Arbovirus emergence is a recurring historical event, not a novel occurrence.
  • Global transportation, urbanization, and environmental changes facilitate rapid and widespread arbovirus dispersion.
  • Mosquito vectors are crucial determinants of arbovirus emergence patterns and geographic reach.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid, extensive spread of arboviruses is driven by modern anthropogenic factors.
  • Effective containment strategies must address vector control and global interconnectedness.
  • Proactive identification of at-risk arboviruses is essential for public health preparedness.