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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Types of Semiconductors

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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids
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PbSe-Based Colloidal Core/Shell Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications.

Gary Zaiats1, Diana Yanover2, Roman Vaxenburg3

  • 1Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute and Solid State Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. gzaiats@gmail.com.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review details lead selenide (PbSe) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) core/shell heterostructures. Researchers investigated their synthesis, structure, and optical properties, revealing tunable electronic structures for advanced applications.

Keywords:
PbSePbSe/CdSePbSe/PbSalloyed quantum dotsband-gap tunabilitycolloidal quantum dotscore/shellsurface oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Lead-based (IV-VI) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) exhibit size-tunable band gaps in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum.
  • PbSe QDs are of significant interest for optical applications due to their tunable NIR properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and characterization of PbSe-based core/shell heterostructures.
  • To investigate the influence of shell composition (PbSeS or CdSe) and environmental factors on QD optical properties.
  • To correlate theoretical models of electronic band structure with experimental optical data.

Main Methods:

  • Epitaxial growth of PbSeS shells on PbSe cores.
  • Synthesis of CdSe shells via partial cation-exchange on PbSe cores.
  • Structural and optical investigations (including temperature-dependent studies) of core/shell heterostructures.
  • Development and application of a theoretical model for QD electronic band structure.

Main Results:

  • Core/shell heterostructures with PbSeS or CdSe shells exhibit unique properties.
  • QD optical characteristics (radiative lifetime, Stokes shift) are influenced by composition and oxygen exposure.
  • Tunable electronic structures are achievable by modifying QD architecture.
  • Theoretical model successfully correlates with experimental optical findings.

Conclusions:

  • Colloidal PbSe-based heterostructures offer opportunities for fine-tuning electronic and optical properties.
  • The architecture of core/shell QDs significantly impacts their behavior.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges for practical applications of these heterostructures.