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Related Concept Videos

Plasmodesmata02:32

Plasmodesmata

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The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
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Plasmodesmata01:20

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In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
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The Apoplast and Symplast01:46

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Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
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Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
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Collection and Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Using the EDTA-facilitated Method
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Phloem Loading through Plasmodesmata: A Biophysical Analysis.

Jean Comtet1, Robert Turgeon2, Abraham D Stroock3,4

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.

Plant Physiology
|August 11, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants actively load sugars into phloem for efficient transport. Modeling reveals that polymerizing sucrose (Suc) enhances export rates and reduces leaf sugar levels, offering selective advantages.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sucrose (Suc) transport from mesophyll to phloem occurs symplastically via plasmodesmata.
  • Some plants passively load Suc, while others actively convert and trap it as larger sugars, increasing phloem concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated model for passive and active symplastic loading of Suc.
  • To investigate the mechanisms and selective advantages of different symplastic loading strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an integrated model encompassing local/global transport and polymerization kinetics.
  • Proposed a physical model for transport through plasmodesmata.

Main Results:

  • Polymerization of Suc in phloem, even without segregation, lowers leaf sugar requirements for export and accelerates export.
  • Segregation of polymers can create inverted sugar gradients, and allowing polymer diffusion back to mesophyll can increase export rates.

Conclusions:

  • Modeling supports the physiological feasibility of active symplastic loading with polymer segregation.
  • Predictions offer insights into the fitness of passive vs. active loading and potential targets for engineering enhanced sugar export.