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Mycetoma: An Update.

Vineet Relhan1, Khushbu Mahajan2, Pooja Agarwal3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|August 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mycetoma, a chronic infection affecting skin and bone, requires accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Differentiating fungal (eumycetoma) from bacterial (actinomycetoma) causes is crucial due to distinct therapeutic approaches.

Keywords:
ActinomycetomaMadura footeumycetoma

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by subcutaneous tissue, skin, and bone infection.
  • It presents as localized swelling, sinus tracts, and granule discharge, primarily affecting the feet.
  • Etiologically, it is classified as eumycetoma (fungal) or actinomycetoma (bacterial).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for mycetoma.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate management.
  • To discuss current and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies on mycetoma.
  • Synthesis of information on epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for both eumycetoma and actinomycetoma.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis is challenging but essential, as treatments for fungal and bacterial mycetoma differ significantly.
  • Histopathological and microbiological examinations are mandatory for definitive diagnosis.
  • While serological tests have limitations, molecular techniques show promise for antigen identification.

Conclusions:

  • Mycetoma management necessitates precise etiological diagnosis for targeted therapy.
  • Eumycetoma often requires prolonged antifungal treatment, which may be ineffective.
  • Actinomycetoma responds to antibiotics, but treatment duration is extensive.