Unveiling the Ionization Energy of the CN Radical

The cyano radical is a ubiquitous molecule and was, for instance, one of the first species detected in astrophysical media such as comets or diffuse clouds. In photodissociation regions, the reaction rate of CN⁺ + CO → CN + CO⁺ is one of the critical parameters defining nitrile chemistry. The enthalpy of this charge transfer reaction is defined as the difference of ionization energies (E_I) between CN and CO. Although E_I(CO) is known accurately, the E_I(CN) values are more dispersed and deduced indirectly from thermodynamic thresholds only, all above E_I(CO), leading to the assumption that the reaction is fast even at low temperature. Using a combination of synchrotron radiation, electron/ion imaging coincidence techniques, and supporting ab initio calculations, we directly determine the first adiabatic ionization energy of CN at 13.956(7) eV, and we demonstrate that E_I(CN) < E_I(CO). The findings suggest a very slow reaction in the cold regions of interstellar media.