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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

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Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
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Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

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Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
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Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

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The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Correction: Nonlinear Dynamics Forecasting of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Onsets.

Trung Q Le, Satish T S Bukkapatnam

    Plos One
    |August 11, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study corrects a previously published article DOI. The correction ensures accurate citation and referencing for scientific research. Further details are available via the provided DOI.

    Area of Science:

    • Scientific publishing
    • Scholarly communication
    • Research integrity

    Context:

    • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
    • Proper referencing ensures the traceability of research findings.
    • Corrections are a normal part of the scientific process.

    Purpose:

    • To correct an error in the article DOI.
    • To ensure the correct article is referenced.
    • To maintain the accuracy of the scientific record.

    Summary:

    • A correction has been issued for the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164406.
    • This ensures that all future citations and references accurately point to the intended publication.
    • This action upholds the standards of scholarly communication.

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    Impact:

    • Improved accuracy in scientific literature.
    • Enhanced reliability of research databases.
    • Facilitation of correct article retrieval for researchers.