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ESCRT-dependent cargo sorting at multivesicular endosomes.

E B Frankel1, Anjon Audhya1

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|August 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery sorts cargo into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). This review explores how ESCRT complexes capture proteins, lipids, and RNAs for ILV formation.

Keywords:
Cargo sortingESCRT machineryIntralumenal vesicleMultivesicular endosomeUbiquitin

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is crucial for various cellular processes, including vesicle formation.
  • Multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) contain intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) that sequester specific molecules.
  • Understanding cargo selection mechanisms within MVEs is essential for comprehending endosomal trafficking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the ESCRT machinery's role in cargo sorting at MVEs.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which proteins, lipids, and RNAs are captured into ILVs.
  • To highlight the importance of ESCRT in selective cargo incorporation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ESCRT function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating cargo binding and sorting at the endosomal membrane.
  • Discussion of proposed models for ESCRT-mediated cargo capture.

Main Results:

  • ESCRT complexes (I, II, III, Vps4) cooperate to drive membrane deformation and scission for ILV formation.
  • Specific adaptor proteins and ubiquitination signals are recognized by ESCRT components for cargo recruitment.
  • Lipids and RNAs can also be incorporated into ILVs, potentially through interactions with ESCRT or associated factors.

Conclusions:

  • The ESCRT machinery plays a central role in the selective capture of diverse cargoes into ILVs.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate mechanisms of cargo recognition and sorting by ESCRT.
  • Understanding ESCRT-mediated cargo sorting is vital for cellular processes and disease mechanisms involving MVEs.