The enigma of male eating disorders: A critical review and synthesis

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Psychology
• Public Health

Background:

• Male eating disorders (EDs) are historically underrepresented in research, leading to significant clinical challenges.
• Underrepresentation results in stigmatization, treatment non-engagement, and unique medical complexities for male patients.
• Existing diagnostic frameworks may not adequately capture the distinct symptom presentations observed in males.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a historical overview of male EDs.
• To synthesize current evidence on the unique characteristics of male ED presentations across the diagnostic spectrum.
• To examine the impact of marginalizing male ED patients in research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Critical review of existing literature on male eating disorders.
• Synthesis of evidence on male ED presentations, including muscularity-oriented eating.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical implications.

Main Results:

• Male ED presentations are distinct from female presentations and often overlooked.
• Muscularity-oriented eating is an emerging area requiring integration into ED nosology.
• Clinicians are increasingly likely to encounter males with EDs, necessitating improved assessment and management.

Conclusions:

• Current conceptualizations of ED pathology need revision to better accommodate male presentations.
• Addressing the underrepresentation of males in ED research is crucial for clinical practice.
• Enhanced understanding and tailored approaches are required for effective treatment of male EDs.