Electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin using co-catalysis of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme and octahedral Cu₂O-Au...

In this work, novel octahedral Cu₂O-Au nanocomposites were synthesized and first applied in an electrochemical aptasensor to detect thrombin (TB) with the aid of a DNAzyme for signal amplification. The octahedral Cu₂O-Au nanocomposites have not only simultaneously served as signal amplifying molecules but have also been utilized as an ideal loading platform to immobilize a large number of electroactive substances and recognition probes. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown directly on the surface of the octahedral Cu₂O nanocrystals, and the Cu₂O-Au nanocomposites obtained had the advantages of large surface areas and excellent biocompatibilities. The hemin/G-quadruplex, which was formed by intercalating hemin into the amino terminated thrombin binding aptamer (NH₂-TBA), and the electroactive toluidine blue (Tb) were immobilized onto the Cu₂O-Au nanocomposite surfaces through a stable Au-N bond. AuNPs, Cu₂O and hemin/G-quadruplex co-catalyse the H₂O₂ in the working buffer to promote the electron transfer of Tb as a multiple signal amplification strategy in order to improve the performance of the electrochemical aptasensor. Under optimal conditions, the designed aptasensor exhibited sensitive detection of TB from 100 fM to 20nM with a lower detection limit of 23fM. This proposed aptasensor exhibited good sensitivity, high specificity and acceptable reproducibility and could be widely applied in bioassay analysis.