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Development and validation study of the Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire.

Han-Kyeong Lee1, Ji-Hae Kim1, Maurizio Fava2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Psychiatry Research
|August 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study developed the Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire (SOS-Q) to identify individuals with high risk of smartphone overuse. The SOS-Q demonstrated good reliability and validity for screening potential smartphone addiction.

Keywords:
AddictionCut-offDiagnosisPsychometricsScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Digital Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Smartphone overuse is a growing concern with potential negative impacts on mental health and daily functioning.
  • Existing screening tools may not adequately capture the nuances of problematic smartphone use.
  • There is a need for a reliable and valid instrument to identify individuals at risk of smartphone overuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire (SOS-Q).
  • To assess the reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy of the SOS-Q.
  • To establish a screening tool for distinguishing high-risk smartphone users from casual users.

Main Methods:

  • Preliminary item assessment by 50 addiction experts.
  • A total of 158 subjects from internet addiction community centers participated.
  • Concurrent validity assessed using Young's internet addiction scale, Korean scale for internet addiction, and S-Scale.
  • Exploratory factor analysis for construct validity.
  • Internal consistency, item-total correlations, and test-retest reliability were calculated.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for diagnostic ability.

Main Results:

  • The SOS-Q demonstrated favorable internal consistency (α = 0.95) and item-total correlations (r = 0.35-0.81).
  • Test-retest reliability was moderate (r = 0.70).
  • Superior concurrent validity was found with the S-Scale (r = 0.76).
  • ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.877.
  • A cut-off score of 49 achieved high sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.86) for identifying the high-risk group.

Conclusions:

  • The Smartphone Overuse Screening Questionnaire (SOS-Q) is a reliable and valid tool for screening smartphone overuse.
  • SOS-Q can effectively distinguish individuals at high risk of smartphone addiction.
  • The SOS-Q is suitable for use as a primary or supplementary measurement tool in various settings.