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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

62
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Anaphylaxis.

Daniel LoVerde1, Onyinye I Iweala2, Ariana Eginli3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC.

Chest
|August 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening reaction involving multiple body systems. Prompt treatment with epinephrine is crucial, alongside trigger avoidance and supportive care, to manage this condition effectively.

Keywords:
allergyanaphylaxisangioedemashockurticaria

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a systemic, life-threatening disorder.
  • It involves allergic (IgE-mediated) or nonallergic mechanisms, affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Underdiagnosis and undertreatment are significant concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of anaphylaxis, including its mechanisms, presentation, and management.
  • To highlight new syndromes and differential diagnoses.
  • To emphasize timely diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis based on presentation.
  • Diagnostic confirmation may involve plasma tryptase and urinary histamine levels.
  • Treatment focuses on immediate epinephrine administration and trigger avoidance.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis can lead to fatal airway obstruction, cardiorespiratory arrest, hypoxemia, and shock.
  • New syndromes and conditions mimicking anaphylaxis have been identified.
  • Early recognition and intervention are critical for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Anaphylaxis requires immediate treatment with epinephrine and avoidance of triggers.
  • Supportive care includes fluids, bronchodilators, antihistamines, and glucocorticoids.
  • Severe cases may necessitate intensive care unit management and advanced life support.