Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

873
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
873
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.9K
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

439
The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
439
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

262
Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
262
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development01:19

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

1.1K
Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
1.1K
Halo Effect01:27

Halo Effect

556
The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
556

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Can Italians Understand Spanish? Language Closeness Exacerbates the Illusion of Understanding.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Registered Report: A Replication Examining Occupational Experience and Performance on the Water-Level Task.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Zero-sum beliefs across age and generations.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025
Same author

Embarrassment guides language choice.

Cognition·2025
Same author

Consequences of Bilingual Language Co-Activation for Higher-Order Cognition.

Current directions in psychological science·2025
Same author

Language experience influences performance on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: A cluster analysis.

Humanities & social sciences communications·2025
Same journal

Boosting Media Literacy Using Lateral Reading and Online Search Interventions.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

A Field Experiment Testing Whether Accountability Reduces Racial Gaps in Performance Evaluations.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Does Testosterone Affect Cognitive Reflection? Evidence From a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study of 1,000 Participants.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Does Overconfidence Really Confer Adaptive Benefits to Children's Learning?

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

How Does the Mind Grow? Cross-Cultural Intuitive Theories of Mental Development.

Psychological science·2026
Same journal

Not All Practice Is Created Equal: Longitudinal Evidence From Over 40,000 Chess Players.

Psychological science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.5K

Thinking More or Feeling Less? Explaining the Foreign-Language Effect on Moral Judgment.

Sayuri Hayakawa1, David Tannenbaum2, Albert Costa3,4

  • 11 Department of Psychology, University of Chicago.

Psychological Science
|August 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Using a foreign language makes people less likely to follow moral rules against killing. This is because it reduces emotional responses, not because it increases thinking time.

Keywords:
dual processforeign languagemoral judgmentopen dataopen materialsprocess dissociation

More Related Videos

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.7K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.5K
Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

15.7K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Moral dilemmas often involve a conflict between utilitarianism and deontology.
  • Foreign language use has been shown to influence decision-making and moral judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying the effect of foreign-language use on moral choices.
  • To determine whether foreign-language use increases deliberation or reduces emotionality in moral decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted to examine moral judgments in native versus foreign languages.
  • A process-dissociation technique was employed to differentiate between utilitarian and deontological responding.

Main Results:

  • Foreign-language use significantly decreased deontological responding in moral dilemmas.
  • Utilitarian responding did not significantly increase with foreign-language use.
  • The findings suggest emotional blunting rather than increased deliberation.

Conclusions:

  • Foreign-language use impacts moral choices by attenuating emotional reactions to deontological rule violations.
  • The effect is not driven by increased cognitive deliberation but by a reduction in emotional engagement.