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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Derivatization of Protein Crystals with I3C using Random Microseed Matrix Screening
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Reconstructing three-dimensional protein crystal intensities from sparse unoriented two-axis X-ray diffraction

Ti-Yen Lan1, Jennifer L Wierman2,3, Mark W Tate1

  • 1Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|August 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serial microcrystallography (SMX) experiments can be adapted for storage ring (SR) sources. The expand-maximize-compress (EMC) algorithm reconstructs crystal diffraction data from sparse frames, overcoming radiation damage limitations.

Keywords:
EMC algorithmX-ray serial microcrystallographyprotein microcrystallographysparse datasynchrotron radiation sources

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Crystallography
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Serial microcrystallography (SMX) is increasingly adapted for storage ring (SR) sources.
  • Radiation damage to small crystals limits data collection before sufficient diffraction.
  • Merging sparse data frames is crucial for full reciprocal space intensity measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of SMX experiments at SR sources.
  • To demonstrate the expand-maximize-compress (EMC) algorithm's ability to reconstruct data from sparse frames.
  • To improve the computational efficiency of the EMC algorithm for SMX.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated sparse frames from a lysozyme crystal using a dim X-ray source.
  • Continuous crystal rotation about two orthogonal axes.
  • Application of the EMC algorithm for data reconstruction without prior orientation knowledge.

Main Results:

  • The EMC algorithm successfully reconstructed crystal diffraction intensity from sparse frames.
  • Parallel computation significantly improved the EMC algorithm's time and memory scaling.
  • Demonstrated feasibility of EMC-based SMX experiments at SR sources.

Conclusions:

  • The EMC algorithm enables successful data reconstruction in SMX, even with limited diffraction from small crystals.
  • Computational improvements make EMC-based SMX practical for SR sources.
  • SMX experiments are viable at SR sources using the EMC approach.