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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator
Published on: October 20, 2021
Reversible Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Real-Time Imaging of Glutathione Dynamics in Mitochondria
Jianwei Chen1, Xiqian Jiang1, Chengwei Zhang1
1Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, ‡Center for Drug Discovery, §Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ∥Integrated Microscopy Core, Advanced Technology Cores, ⊥Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, and #Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas 77030, United States.
Abstract:
We report a mitochondria-specific glutathione (GSH) probe-designated as Mito-RealThiol (MitoRT)-that can monitor in vivo real-time mitochondrial glutathione dynamics, and apply this probe to follow mitochondrial GSH dynamic changes in living cells for the first time. MitoRT can be utilized in confocal microscopy, super-resolution fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometry systems. Using MitoRT, we demonstrate that cells have a high priority to maintain the GSH level in mitochondria compared to the cytosol not only under normal growing conditions but also upon oxidative stress.
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