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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Fabricating Cotton Analytical Devices

Fabricating Cotton Analytical Devices

Published on: August 30, 2016

Text-Displaying Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Device.

Kentaro Yamada¹, Koji Suzuki¹, Daniel Citterio¹

¹Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.

|August 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel paper-based analytical device that displays chemical assay results as text. This innovative approach, using printing techniques, offers comparable accuracy to traditional methods for detecting urinary protein.

Keywords:

colorimetry paper-based analytical device printing techniques protein sensing text-display

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) offer low-cost, portable diagnostic solutions.
Current PADs often rely on visual colorimetric interpretation, which can be subjective.
There is a need for PADs with more direct and interpretable results.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a paper-based analytical device capable of displaying semiquantitative assay results directly as text.
To demonstrate the feasibility of this text-displaying mechanism using urinary protein as a model analyte.
To evaluate the accuracy and stability of the developed device.

Main Methods:

A novel text-displaying detection mechanism was engineered by combining classical colorimetric indicators with an inert colorant.
The paper device was fabricated using advanced printing techniques: wax printing, inkjet printing, and 3D printing.
Performance was validated through user tests using protein (human serum albumin) in standard solutions and human urine samples.

Main Results:

The developed paper device achieved accuracy comparable to conventional colorimetric urine dipsticks (74.7% vs. 67.2% for standard samples, 66.7% vs. 65.3% for urine).
Software-assisted quantitative color analysis confirmed storage stability for at least 117 days.
The text-displaying capability was successfully demonstrated for semiquantitative interpretation.

Conclusions:

The developed printing-based approach enables versatile text-displaying detection on paper-based analytical devices.
This technology offers a simple and effective alternative detection motif for PADs.
The text-displaying PAD shows promise for accessible and interpretable point-of-care diagnostics.