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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Thermal Strain01:19

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls01:22

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In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Focal Laser Ablation of Prostate Cancer: An Office Procedure
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Image-guided thermal ablation with MR-based thermometry.

Mingming Zhu1, Ziqi Sun1, Chin K Ng1

  • 1Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.

Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MR thermometry aids cancer treatment by monitoring thermal ablation in real time. While absolute mapping is reliable, phase mapping (PRFS) is currently favored despite motion artifacts.

Keywords:
MR guided thermal ablationMR thermometryhigh intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)laser induced thermal therapy (LITT)thermal dosimetrytumor thermal ablation

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Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Abdominal Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Minimally invasive thermal ablation (radiofrequency, microwave, HIFU, laser) is used for cancer treatment.
  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) thermometry enables real-time monitoring of thermal distribution, reducing normal tissue damage.
  • High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and Laser-Induced Thermal Therapy (LITT) are MR-compatible ablation techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review MR thermometry techniques for monitoring thermal ablation in cancer treatment.
  • To compare different MR thermometry methods based on their reliability and application in MR-guided surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MR thermometry techniques including signal intensity, T1, T2, diffusion, magnetization transfer, and Proton Resonance Frequency Shift (PRFS).
  • Discussion of absolute temperature mapping (spectroscopic, fat-reference phase imaging) versus relative phase mapping.
  • Evaluation of MR thermometry's role in MR-guided thermal ablation systems.

Main Results:

  • MRI offers various temperature-dependent parameters for thermal imaging.
  • Absolute temperature mapping techniques are more reliable than relative phase mapping.
  • PRFS-based phase mapping is currently the most popular method for tumor thermal ablation, despite limitations.

Conclusions:

  • MR thermometry is crucial for safe and effective thermal ablation therapies.
  • Absolute temperature mapping techniques show promise for improved MR-guided thermal ablation.
  • Overcoming resolution limitations is key for advancing MR thermometry in clinical practice.