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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Functionality Selection Principle for High Voltage Lithium-ion Battery Electrolyte Additives.

Chi-Cheung Su, Meinan He¹, Cameron Peebles

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|August 19, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New cyclic fluorinated phosphate ester additives stabilize high-voltage lithium-ion battery cathodes. These additives form a protective surface layer, significantly improving capacity retention in LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) batteries.

Keywords:

LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode electrolyte additive fluorinated cyclic phosphate functionality selection principle high voltage electrolyte post-test analysis

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Battery Technology

Background:

High-voltage operation of lithium-ion batteries requires stable cathode-electrolyte interfaces.
Existing electrolyte additives have limitations in stabilizing advanced cathode materials like LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) at high potentials (>4.6 V).

Purpose of the Study:

To rationally design and synthesize a new class of electrolyte additives based on cyclic fluorinated phosphate esters.
To investigate the electrochemical performance and stabilization mechanism of these additives in NMC532/graphite cells.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and characterization of novel cyclic fluorinated phosphate ester additives.
Electrochemical cycling of NMC532/graphite cells with and without additives in a voltage range of 3.0-4.6 V.
Surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to elucidate the interface formation mechanism.

Main Results:

The additive 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane 2-oxide (TFEOP) significantly improved capacity retention in NMC532/graphite cells cycled at high voltages.
XPS and NMR analysis indicated that TFEOP forms a protective passivation layer on the NMC532 cathode surface through a sacrificial polymerization reaction.
The proposed cathode-electrolyte-interface formation pathway involves the polymerizable cyclic ring and electron-withdrawing fluorinated alkyl group of the additive.

Conclusions:

Cyclic fluorinated phosphate esters are effective electrolyte additives for stabilizing high-voltage NMC532 cathodes.
The combination of a polymerizable ring and fluorinated groups in the additive molecule enhances cathode protection.
A new design principle for electrolyte additives, integrating functionalities from various existing additives into a single molecule, is validated.