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The effect of postsurgical pain on attentional processing in horses
Louise Dodds1, Laura Knight1, Kate Allen1
1School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
Objective:
To investigate the effect of postsurgical pain on the performance of horses in a novel object and auditory startle task.
Study Design:
Prospective clinical study.
Animals:
Twenty horses undergoing different types of surgery and 16 control horses that did not undergo surgery.
Methods:
The interaction of 36 horses with novel objects and a response to an auditory stimulus were measured at two time points; the day before surgery (T1) and the day after surgery (T2) for surgical horses (G1), and at a similar time interval for control horses (G2). Pain and sedation were measured using simple descriptive scales at the time the tests were carried out. Total time or score attributed to each of the behavioural categories was compared between groups (G1 and G2) for each test and between tests (T1 and T2) for each group.
Results:
The median (range) time spent interacting with novel objects was reduced in G1 from 58 (6-367) seconds in T1 to 12 (0-495) seconds in T2 (p=0.0005). In G2 the change in interaction time between T1 and T2 was not statistically significant. Median (range) total auditory score was 7 (3-12) and 10 (1-12) in G1 and G2, respectively, at T1, decreasing to 6 (0-10) in G1 after surgery and 9.5 (1-12) in G2 (p=0.0003 and p=0.94, respectively). There was a difference in total auditory score between G1 and G2 at T2 (p=0.0169), with the score being lower in G1 than G2.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
Postsurgical pain negatively impacts attention towards novel objects and causes a decreased responsiveness to an auditory startle test. In horses, tasks demanding attention may be useful as a biomarker of pain.
