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Emergence of recombinant Mayaro virus strains from the Amazon basin

Carla Mavian1,2, Brittany D Rife1,2, James Jarad Dollar1,2

  • 1Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Scientific Reports
|August 20, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Mayaro virus (MAYV) shows recent recombination and adaptation to new vectors like Aedes mosquitoes, driven by human mobility. This arbovirus requires close monitoring due to its spread in South America and the Caribbean.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes Mayaro Fever and is transmitted by Haemagogus mosquitoes.
  • Limited data on MAYV evolution and epidemiology hinders prevention efforts.
  • Recent cases in South America, Central America, and the Caribbean highlight its growing public health importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive spatiotemporal evolutionary analysis of MAYV.
  • To investigate the emergence and characteristics of MAYV recombinants.
  • To understand the role of human mobility in MAYV spread and recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of full-genome MAYV sequences spanning 60 years.
  • Application of Bayesian phylogeography to track viral evolution and spread.
  • Identification and characterization of recombination events.

Main Results:

  • MAYV has undergone recent recombination events.
  • The virus has adapted to a broader range of hosts and vectors, including Aedes species.
  • Human mobility appears to facilitate recombination between geographically distinct MAYV strains.
  • Recombinant emergence was identified in Brazil and Haiti.

Conclusions:

  • MAYV evolution is characterized by recombination and adaptation.
  • Human mobility plays a significant role in MAYV's epidemiological dynamics.
  • The emergence of MAYV in Haiti, a key pathogen hub, necessitates vigilant surveillance.
  • Continued monitoring of MAYV is crucial for public health in the Americas.

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