Hypoadiponectinemia does not enhance anxiety-like behaviour in a lean PCOS-like mouse model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by reproductive and metabolic disturbances and associated with higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. Circulating adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, is reduced in women with PCOS, and low adiponectin has been linked to impaired mental health, particularly in females. We investigated whether low serum adiponectin is associated with impaired mental health in women with PCOS and whether adiponectin deficiency exacerbates anxiety-like behaviour in a PCOS-like mouse model. Serum adiponectin was measured in women with (n = 179) and without PCOS (n = 228), stratified by body mass index (BMI). Health-related quality of life was assessed using the short form 36 (SF-36), generating physical and mental component scores. In parallel, the prenatal androgenization (PNA) PCOS-like mouse model was combined with adiponectin-deficient mice (APNhet) to assess the impact of reduced adiponectin on anxiety-like behaviour with and without prenatal androgen exposure. Women with PCOS had lower total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels compared with controls. Adiponectin positively correlated with mental component scores in women with BMI < 30, but not in those with obesity. Free testosterone was inversely correlated with adiponectin. In mice, PNA induced anxiety-like behaviour. However, despite a 65% reduction in serum adiponectin levels in APNhet PNA mice, adiponectin deficiency did not exacerbate the anxiety-like phenotype. Unlike women with PCOS, adult PNA mice were not hyperandrogenic. These findings suggest that adiponectin is associated with mental health in non-obese women, but reduced adiponectin alone does not induce anxiety-like behaviour in the absence of hyperandrogenism. Further studies in hyperandrogenic models are needed to clarify how adiponectin and hyperandrogenism interact across developmental stages and in different BMI groups to influence vulnerability to anxiety and depression in PCOS.Trial registrationClinical trial.gov: NCT01319162, NCT00484705, NCT01457209, and NCT00921492.