[Safflower's origin and changes of producing areas]

Area of Science:

• Ethnobotany
• Agricultural History
• Plant Science

Background:

• Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has a long history of human use, but its precise origin is uncertain.
• Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, Sichuan was a primary safflower-producing region in China.
• Recent shifts show Xinjiang province as the main producer, with Sichuan safflower becoming scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the geographical origin of safflower.
• To explore the reasons behind the changing production areas within China.
• To understand the influence of natural and social factors on safflower cultivation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of historical documents and production data.
• Analysis of safflower market information.
• Field investigations in key safflower-producing regions.

Main Results:

• The Fertile Crescent is identified as the probable origin of safflower.
• Shifts in Chinese production areas are attributed to environmental and societal influences.
• Sichuan's decline as a major producer contrasts with Xinjiang's rise.

Conclusions:

• Safflower's origin is reasonably placed in the Fertile Crescent.
• Environmental and societal factors significantly impact safflower production areas in China.
• Further research is needed on the suitability of growing regions and safflower quality.