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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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3D-Printed Self-Folding Electronics.

Subramanian Sundaram, David S Kim, Marc A Baldo

  • 1Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 22, 2017
PubMed
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Researchers developed a novel 3D-printing method for self-folding composites with embedded electronics. This technique enables spontaneous shape transformation at room temperature, paving the way for advanced functional materials.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Self-transforming structures are crucial for functional applications, but integrating diverse functionalities remains challenging.
  • Existing self-folding composites often rely on reversible, stimuli-responsive shape changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a method for spontaneous folding of 3D-printed composites with embedded electronics.
  • To enable room-temperature shape transformation without external processing steps.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multimaterial 3D-printing process to fabricate composites.
  • Leveraged residual forces from polymer swelling during layer-by-layer fabrication for spontaneous folding upon removal from the print platform.
  • Integrated electrochromic elements within the composite structure.
Keywords:
electrochromic pixelsflexible electronicsmultimaterial 3D-printingroboticsself-folding

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Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Main Results:

  • Achieved spontaneous self-shaping of 3D-printed composites at room temperature.
  • Demonstrated electrically controlled electrochromic elements integrated within the folded structure.
  • Successfully transformed planar electronics into nonplanar geometries with overhangs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed shape-transformation scheme offers a route to create complex 3D structures with embedded electronics.
  • This approach facilitates the integration of electronics into nonplanar geometries, enabling new possibilities in sensing and robotics.