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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA
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Minimally Invasive Approach to Correct Anomalous Inferior Vena Cava Connection to the Left Atrium

Carlo Pace Napoleone1, Davide Marini2, Andrea Baronetto1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.

World Journal for Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery
|August 22, 2017
PubMed

Anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium is a rare congenital condition. A 20-year-old girl was referred for recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large ostium secundum atrial septal defect, and computed tomography showed anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium. Through a right mini-thoracotomy, the opening of the inferior vena cava into the atrium was identified under the inferior edge of the interatrial septum, draining into the left atrium, and redirected to the right atrium, using a pericardial patch to reconstruct the atrial septum. Postoperative course was uneventful. Right mini-thoracotomy approach was effective in correcting the anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium.

Keywords:
adult congenital heart diseaseanomalous venous connectionatrial septal defect (ASD)imaging (CT and echo)minimally invasive surgery

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