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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
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Advances in basic and clinical immunology in 2016.

Javier Chinen1, Yousef R Badran2, Raif S Geha2

  • 1Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|August 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Advances in immunology in 2016 focused on T and B cell differentiation, cytotoxic cell regulation, and inflammation in genetic disorders. New gene discoveries and therapies like stem cell transplants show promise for immunodeficiency treatment.

Keywords:
Immunologycommon variable immunodeficiencyhematopoietic stem cell transplantationhyper-IgE syndromeprimary immunodeficiencysevere combined immunodeficiencywhole-exome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Basic and clinical immunology research.
  • Molecular and cellular immunology.
  • Immunogenetics and immunodeficiency.

Background:

  • Key proteins regulating T and B cell differentiation were further characterized.
  • Mechanisms of cytotoxic cell granule secretion were elucidated through studies of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
  • The inflammatory role of prenylation in mevalonate kinase deficiency was established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant advances in basic and clinical immunology from 2016.
  • To highlight new genetic discoveries associated with primary immunodeficiency.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for immune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of protein functions in immune cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of patients with primary immunodeficiency and genetic disorders.
  • Review of clinical trial data for immunodeficiency treatments.
  • Whole-genome sequencing for identifying novel immunodeficiency-associated genes.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel genes linked to immunodeficiency, including LAT, BCL11B, RLTPR, moesin, and JAK1.
  • Demonstrated success in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy for primary immunodeficiency.
  • Autologous virus-specific cytotoxic T cells showed effectiveness.
  • Pioglitazone is being investigated for enhancing oxidative burst in chronic granulomatous disease.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress was made in understanding immune cell regulation and genetic underpinnings of immunodeficiency.
  • Innovative therapeutic approaches, including cell and gene therapies, offer new hope for patients.
  • Ongoing research into HIV vaccines continues to inform our understanding of viral immune responses.