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Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

2.0K
The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
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Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

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When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Fermion-induced quantum critical points.

Zi-Xiang Li1, Yi-Fan Jiang1, Shao-Kai Jian1

  • 1Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Nature Communications
|August 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered novel fermion-induced quantum critical points in 2D Dirac semimetals, challenging the conventional Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. These Landau-forbidden transitions are driven by gapless fermions, opening new avenues in condensed matter physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • Conventional Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory predicts first-order phase transitions when cubic terms are allowed by symmetry.
  • A unified theory for quantum critical points beyond this paradigm is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of second-order quantum phase transitions in systems where the Landau criterion suggests first-order transitions.
  • To introduce and identify "fermion-induced quantum critical points" in interacting 2D Dirac semimetals.

Main Methods:

  • Renormalization group analysis to study the theoretical framework.
  • Development of a microscopic model of SU(N) fermions on a honeycomb lattice.
  • Large-scale, sign-problem-free Majorana quantum Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that second-order quantum phase transitions can occur in putatively first-order transitions in 2D Dirac semimetals.
  • Provided strong evidence for fermion-induced quantum critical points in SU(N) Dirac semimetals for N=2-6.
  • Results are consistent between renormalization group analysis and quantum Monte Carlo simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies a new class of quantum critical points, termed fermion-induced quantum critical points.
  • These findings extend the understanding of quantum phase transitions beyond the standard Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson framework.
  • Potential experimental realizations in graphene and related materials are discussed.