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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Hydrodynamic and entropic effects on colloidal diffusion in corrugated channels.

Xiang Yang^1,2, Chang Liu^1,2, Yunyun Li^3,4

¹School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|August 24, 2017

Summary

Experimental measurements reveal that hydrodynamic effects significantly impact colloidal diffusion in narrow channels, a factor often overlooked in theoretical models. Including these effects improves prediction accuracy for transport times.

Keywords:

colloid confinement diffusion entropic effects hydrodynamics

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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

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Area of Science:

Physics
Physical Chemistry
Colloid Science

Background:

Confined diffusion is crucial in natural and artificial systems like ionic channels and nanopores.
Experimental validation of theoretical predictions for confined diffusion remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally measure colloidal diffusion times in microchannels with periodically varying widths.
To compare experimental results with predictions from Fick-Jacobs theory and Brownian dynamics simulations.
To investigate the role of hydrodynamic effects in confined diffusion.

Main Methods:

Experimental measurement of colloidal diffusion times in fabricated microchannels.
Comparison with theoretical predictions from Fick-Jacobs theory.
Comparison with numerical simulations using Brownian dynamics.

Main Results:

Fick-Jacobs theory and Brownian dynamics simulations accurately predict entropic effects but neglect hydrodynamic effects.
Hydrodynamic effects cause a decrease and spatial variation in diffusivity.
Neglecting hydrodynamics leads to underestimation of mean and standard deviation of first passage times by up to 40%.

Conclusions:

Hydrodynamic effects are critical for accurate modeling of diffusive transport in narrow channels.
The Fick-Jacobs theory can be reconciled with experimental data by incorporating experimentally measured diffusivity.
Theoretical and numerical models must include hydrodynamic effects for precise predictions.