Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

300
Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
300
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs01:20

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

333
Body:Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to...
333
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

9.1K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
9.1K
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

4.7K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
4.7K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

1.2K
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
1.2K
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

283
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
283

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in unresectable melanoma.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

Deconvolving SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine impact on immunotherapy-related survival.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

Diagnostic delay in histiocytic neoplasms and its association with local resource deprivation.

Haematologica·2026
Same author

Enhanced Telehealth in Prostate Cancer.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Perspective Editorial: Assessment of Survival Benefit from Sentinel Node Biopsy for Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

High-Risk Substance and Polysubstance Use Among Elective Surgery Patients: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2026
Same journal

Presenting features and outcomes to standard systemic therapies in patients with MTAP-deleted advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same journal

Clinical Validation of a Multiplex Urine Biomarker Assay for Surveillance of Recurrent Bladder Cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic Liquid Biopsy Enables Universal Mutation-Agnostic Molecular Surveillance for High-Risk Neuroblastoma.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same journal

Claudin 18.2 Targeting: A Pan-Cancer Perspective.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same journal

High-Sensitivity ctDNA Analysis Uncovers Relevant Signals Missed by NGS in Pancreatic Cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same journal

Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium phase 1 study of CD40 agonist sotigalimab in pediatric and young adult patients with recurrent CNS tumors and newly-diagnosed DIPG.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
08:50

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

7.6K

Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs in Immuno-oncology Research.

Kelley M Kidwell1, Michael A Postow2,3, Katherine S Panageas4

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. kidwell@umich.edu.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|August 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) designs offer a novel approach to optimizing cancer immunotherapy. This adaptive trial method aims to identify the most effective immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens for longer survival and reduced toxicity.

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

10.3K
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction
09:44

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction

Published on: January 29, 2019

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
08:50

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

7.6K
Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

10.3K
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction
09:44

Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Based on the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction

Published on: January 29, 2019

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Oncology
  • Clinical Trial Design

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 are FDA-approved for various cancers.
  • Combination immunotherapy shows higher efficacy than single agents in metastatic melanoma but increases toxicity.
  • Optimal initial therapy and dosing strategies for ICIs remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART) design for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
  • To demonstrate how SMART designs can identify adaptive treatment regimens based on individual patient response.
  • To compare the efficiency and benefits of SMART designs against traditional randomized clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Description of the SMART design methodology for evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Presentation of a hypothetical SMART design for BRAF wild-type metastatic melanoma.
  • Comparative analysis of SMART designs versus multiple traditional randomized trials.

Main Results:

  • SMART designs allow for adaptive treatment allocation within individuals based on intermediate response.
  • Illustrates the potential benefits of SMART designs over traditional trial structures.
  • Acknowledges the inherent complexity in implementing SMART designs.

Conclusions:

  • SMART designs represent an optimal strategy for discovering immunotherapy regimens that maximize durable response and survival.
  • This adaptive approach may lead to improved patient outcomes with potentially lower toxicity.
  • Further exploration of SMART designs is warranted for advancing cancer immunotherapy research.