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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
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Evaluating the voiding spot assay in mice: a simple method with complex environmental interactions.

Huan Chen1, Lanlan Zhang1, Warren G Hill1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
|August 25, 2017
PubMed
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Environmental changes during the voiding spot assay (VSA) significantly impact mouse physiology. Optimizing VSA methodology by maintaining natural housing conditions is crucial for accurate lower urinary tract studies.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Animal Physiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The voiding spot assay (VSA) is widely used to study mouse lower urinary tract physiology.
  • Current VSA protocols vary significantly, introducing environmental variables not present in natural housing.
  • Stress responses, influenced by environmental and social factors, can alter rodent physiology, including voiding patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental changes on mouse voiding patterns during VSA.
  • To identify optimal VSA methodologies that minimize stress and preserve natural micturition behaviors.
  • To enhance the reliability of VSA for studying lower urinary tract dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

  • Examined effects of cage type, floor surface, water availability, water bottle location, housing (single/group), and handler on female mouse voiding patterns during VSA.
Keywords:
environmental stressmetabolic cageurinary bladdervoiding pattern quantification

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  • Compared voiding patterns under varied environmental conditions to baseline housing.
  • Assessed stress indicators related to environmental changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant alterations in voiding patterns were observed due to changes in cage type, floor surface, water bottle location, and housing status.
    • These changes suggest a stress response induced by environmental modifications.
    • Neither handler changes nor short-term water deprivation (4 hours) affected voiding patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Mouse voiding patterns during VSA are highly sensitive to environmental and housing conditions.
    • VSA should be conducted under conditions closely mimicking the animal's normal housing to ensure physiological relevance.
    • Standardizing VSA methodology will improve the detection of voiding alterations in disease and genetic models.