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Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Radical Formation: Homolysis

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Published on: June 20, 2014

C-H Bond Functionalization by Mechanochemistry.

José G Hernández¹

¹Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|August 25, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanochemical C-H activation merges grinding techniques with metal catalysis for efficient chemical synthesis. This approach offers new possibilities beyond traditional solution-based methods, addressing current challenges and exploring unique applications.

Keywords:

C−H activation ball milling mechanochemistry solvent-free

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Mechanosynthesis advances inorganic and organometallic complex synthesis.
High-speed ball milling has enabled metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
These developments pave the way for mechanochemical C-H activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development of mechanochemical C-H activation.
To present the current state-of-the-art in this field.
To discuss challenges and future opportunities for mechanochemistry in C-H functionalization.

Main Methods:

Mechanosynthesis using high-speed ball milling.
Metal-catalyzed reactions.
C-H activation strategies.

Main Results:

Demonstrated mechanochemical C-H activation for olefinations, amidations, halogenations, and oxidative couplings.
Established mechanochemistry as a viable alternative to solution-based methods.
Highlighted the potential for mechanochemistry to complement traditional approaches.

Conclusions:

Mechanochemical C-H activation is a rapidly developing field with significant potential.
Merging mechanochemistry and C-H functionalization offers unique advantages.
Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and expand applications.