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Aging effect on step adjustments and stability control in visually perturbed gait initiation.

Ruopeng Sun1, Chuyi Cui2, John B Shea3

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.

Gait & Posture
|August 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show reduced gait adaptability and slower recovery of dynamic stability compared to young adults, particularly in visually perturbed stepping tasks. This highlights age-related declines in balance control crucial for fall prevention.

Keywords:
Anticipatory postural adjustmentDynamic stabilityGait adaptabilityGait initiationOlder adultsStep adjustments

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Gait adaptability is crucial for fall avoidance, involving motor planning inhibition, alternative command execution, and stability maintenance.
  • Aging impacts motor control and dynamic stability, potentially increasing fall risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of aging on gait adaptability and dynamic stability during visually perturbed gait initiation.
  • To analyze how adjustment timing and direction influence stepping accuracy and stability in young versus older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A novel gait initiation task with unpredictable stepping target relocation triggered by anticipatory postural adjustments (APA).
  • Participants (10 young, 10 older adults) performed perturbed gait initiation under varying adjustment timing (early, intermediate, late) and direction (medial, lateral) conditions.
  • Analysis of stepping accuracy, foot rotation at landing, and Margin of Dynamic Stability (MDS) using linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • Stepping accuracy decreased with later adjustment timing and specific directions, with older adults showing greater undershoot in late lateral stepping.
  • Late adjustments induced a reaching-like foot rotation prior to landing.
  • Both age groups exhibited reduced dynamic stability, but young adults recovered stability faster than older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Aging significantly impairs gait adaptability and dynamic stability control during challenging gait initiation tasks.
  • Findings suggest potential for screening age-related gait deficits and developing fall prevention strategies.