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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Senescence-Associated MicroRNAs.

Rachel Munk1, Amaresh C Panda1, Ioannis Grammatikakis1

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Senescent cells, linked to aging and disease, are regulated by microRNAs. Understanding these microRNAs offers new avenues for diagnosing and treating age-related conditions.

Keywords:
AgeAgingMicroRNASASPSenescencep16p21p53

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Senescent cells result from cellular damage and impact tissues beneficially or detrimentally.
  • Accumulation of senescent cells with age is linked to age-related declines and diseases.
  • Key senescence pathways include p53/CDKN1A(p21), CDKN2A(p16)/RB, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review senescence-associated microRNAs (SA-MicroRNAs).
  • To discuss the implications of SA-MicroRNAs in senescence-relevant pathologies.
  • To highlight the role of microRNAs in modulating senescence regulatory proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of senescence-associated microRNAs.
  • Analysis of microRNA influence on senescence regulatory proteins.
  • Discussion of SA-MicroRNAs in age-related diseases.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs generally lower mRNA stability and/or translation of senescence regulatory proteins.
  • Numerous microRNAs modulate key proteins involved in senescence.
  • SA-MicroRNAs play a significant role in the senescence program.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding microRNA mechanisms in senescence is crucial for diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • SA-MicroRNAs present potential targets for interventions in age-related diseases.
  • Further research into SA-MicroRNAs can unlock new strategies for managing senescence.