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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
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NK cell-based immunotherapy for cancer.

Fang Fang1, Weihua Xiao1, Zhigang Tian1

  • 1Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University Of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.

Seminars in Immunology
|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy shows promise against cancer. Various methods, including cytokine therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-NK cells, are advancing NK cell-based treatments for improved anti-tumor effects.

Keywords:
CancerImmunotherapyNatural killer cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells mediate antigen-independent immunity against malignant cells.
  • NK cell-based immunotherapy demonstrates significant anti-tumor potential in clinical studies.
  • Enhancing NK cell number and function is crucial for effective cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current progress in NK cell-based therapeutic approaches for cancer.
  • To discuss advancements in NK cell manufacturing techniques.
  • To summarize tumor therapy outcomes utilizing NK cells.

Main Methods:

  • Cytokine-induced enhancement of NK cell number and anti-tumor functions.
  • Targeting NK cell receptors with checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Development of bi-specific and tri-specific engagers for targeted immune response.
  • Adoptive transfer of allogeneic haploidentical NK cells.
  • Engineering of Chimeric Antigen Receptor NK cells (CAR-NKs) for enhanced cytotoxicity and specificity.

Main Results:

  • NK cell-based therapies show promising anti-tumor effects in clinical trials.
  • Cytokine therapy boosts NK cell efficacy and numbers.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors offer a novel approach to modulate NK cell activity.
  • Engagers enhance specific anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Adoptive transfer of allogeneic NK cells demonstrates low rejection rates and side effects.
  • CAR-NKs exhibit improved cytotoxicity, specificity, and tumor targeting.

Conclusions:

  • NK cell-based therapies represent a promising frontier in cancer treatment.
  • Diverse strategies are being developed to optimize NK cell number, function, and targeting.
  • Advancements in manufacturing and genetic modification are driving the success of NK cell therapies in clinical settings.