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Minerals

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

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Pulmonary fluorosis: a review.

Jaishabanu Ameeramja¹, Ekambaram Perumal²

¹Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 640 046, India.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International

|August 26, 2017

Summary

This review examines the molecular mechanisms of inorganic fluoride toxicity in the pulmonary system. It highlights gaps in current research, focusing on fluoride

Keywords:

A549 cells Fluoride compounds Fluorosis Pulmonary toxicity Sodium fluoride

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Area of Science:

Environmental Toxicology
Pulmonary Medicine
Molecular Biology

Background:

Industrialization and lifestyle changes increase environmental pollution.
Inorganic fluoride is a common industrial pollutant with widespread applications.
While systemic fluoride toxicity is well-studied, pulmonary effects remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing literature on fluoride's impact on the pulmonary system.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of fluoride toxicity in lung tissues.
To identify research gaps in pulmonary fluoride toxicology.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search on fluoride's physiological and toxicological effects on the lungs.
Analysis of studies focusing on molecular mechanisms of fluoride exposure.
Synthesis of current research findings.

Main Results:

Fluoride exposure presents significant toxicological risks to the pulmonary system.
Specific molecular pathways affected by fluoride in lung tissue are being identified.
There is a need for more research into the precise mechanisms of pulmonary fluoride toxicity.

Conclusions:

Inorganic fluoride poses a threat to pulmonary health due to its prevalence as an environmental contaminant.
Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of fluoride's action on the lungs is crucial.
This review provides a foundation for future research in pulmonary fluoride toxicology.