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Direct Electrical Stimulation in the Human Brain Disrupts Melody Processing.

Frank E Garcea¹, Benjamin L Chernoff², Bram Diamond²

¹University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Language Sciences, 358 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; University of Rochester, Center for Visual Science, 274 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.

Current Biology : CB

|August 29, 2017

Summary

Direct electrical stimulation of the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) in a musician with a brain tumor caused music processing deficits. This provides causal evidence that the right STG is crucial for melody processing, distinct from language functions.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Music Perception

Background:

Previous research implicates the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) in music processing using fMRI and studies of amusia.
Intracranial electrical brain stimulation offers a method for establishing causal links between brain regions and cognitive functions with high spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal role of the right STG in music processing using direct electrical stimulation.
To determine if music processing is functionally segregated from language processing in the human brain.

Main Methods:

Pre-operative fMRI to localize music processing areas.
Awake intraoperative mapping using direct electrical stimulation during a melody repetition task in a patient with a right temporal lobe tumor.

Main Results:

Electrical stimulation of the right STG resulted in "music arrest" and pitch errors.
Language processing remained unaffected by stimulation of the right STG.

Conclusions:

Provides causal evidence for the functional segregation of music and language processing.
Confirms a specific role for the right STG in melody processing.