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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
Published on: March 15, 2022
[Fractional flow reserve: a practical guide for interventional cardiologists and the cardiologist's point of view]
Serafina Valente1, Alessio Mattesini2, Roberta Rossini3
1Unità di Cardiologia Interventistica Strutturale, AOU Careggi, Firenze.
Insights
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard for assessing coronary artery blockages. Using FFR guides revascularization to improve patient outcomes effectively and affordably.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard for assessing coronary stenosis severity in stable coronary artery disease.
- FFR-guided revascularization improves clinical outcomes and is cost-effective.
- Understanding FFR's advantages and potential pitfalls is crucial for cardiologists.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide cardiologists with essential information on the indications for FFR.
- To detail the technical aspects of correct FFR execution in various coronary anatomies.
- To enhance the appropriate application of FFR in clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature and guidelines on FFR.
- Analysis of technical considerations for accurate FFR measurement.
- Discussion of anatomical variations impacting FFR interpretation.
Main Results:
- FFR is a reliable indicator of ischemia in coronary stenosis.
- Proper technique is essential for accurate FFR results.
- FFR application varies across different coronary anatomical settings.
Conclusions:
- FFR is a vital tool for ischemia-guided revascularization decisions.
- Knowledge of FFR indications and technical execution is paramount for cardiologists.
- Accurate FFR assessment leads to improved patient management and outcomes in coronary artery disease.
Abstract:
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is considered the gold standard for functional assessment of coronary stenosis in stable coronary artery disease. The use of FFR enables an ischemia-guided revascularization with improvement of clinical outcomes in a cost-effective fashion. Both clinical and interventional cardiologists should be aware of the advantages and potential pitfalls of this technique. We focus on FFR with the aim to provide the clinical cardiologist with information on indications and technical aspects to confirm a correct execution of FFR in different coronary anatomical settings.
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