Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Published on: January 27, 2010

22.1K

Analgesia for Children in Acute Pain in the Post-codeine Era

Naveen Poonai1,2, Rongbu Zhu3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Current Pediatric Reviews
|August 30, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Concerns regarding codeine safety have increased the use of other opioids for pediatric acute pain. This review examines evidence for effective pain management in children, focusing on alternatives to codeine.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute pain is a frequent emergency department complaint in children.
  • Safety concerns surrounding codeine have prompted a shift towards other opioids.
  • Opioid use in pediatric patients is increasing, yet clinicians show reluctance in prescribing them compared to adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence and effectiveness of analgesia for children with acute pain.
  • To address the priority of adequate pain relief in pediatric care.
  • To explore pain management strategies in the post-codeine era.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on pediatric analgesia.
  • Focus on therapies including oral morphine, topical analgesia, and intranasal fentanyl.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating opioid effectiveness in children.

Main Results:

  • Evidence is mounting for alternative opioid therapies in pediatric pain management.
  • Oral morphine, topical analgesia, and intranasal fentanyl show promise.
  • The review synthesizes current data on these analgesic options.

Conclusions:

  • Effective analgesia for acute pediatric pain is a priority.
  • Alternative opioids offer viable options in the post-codeine era.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence for pediatric pain management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Morphineabdomenanalgesiacodeinefractureopioidotitispainpediatric.

More Related Videos

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery05:39

Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.3K
Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.2K

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.2K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
2.3K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
1.2K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
859
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
805
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
1.6K