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Neural Regulation01:37

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Exploring regulation in tissues with eQTL networks.

Maud Fagny1,2, Joseph N Paulson1,2, Marieke L Kuijjer1,2

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding genetic variants

Keywords:
GTExGWASbipartite networkseQTLexpression quantitative trait locus

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Mapping genotype to phenotype is challenging.
  • Genetic variants collectively influence complex traits.
  • Understanding gene regulation is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory impact of genetic variants.
  • To explore network structures of gene expression.
  • To link genetic variation to biological function.

Main Methods:

  • Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis.
  • Construction of bipartite networks.
  • Analysis of network modularity and node centrality across 13 tissues.

Main Results:

  • eQTL networks exhibit dense, modular communities.
  • Communities represent shared and tissue-specific biological processes.
  • Tissue-specific communities link to active chromatin regions.
  • Network hubs (global and community) show differential regulatory potential and disease association.

Conclusions:

  • eQTL network structure reveals insights into gene regulation.
  • Network organization reflects biological processes across tissues.
  • Node centrality in eQTL networks predicts regulatory roles and disease links.