Electrically driven, highly efficient three-dimensional GaN-based light emitting diodes fabricated by self-aligned...

Improvements in the overall efficiency and significant reduction in the efficiency droop are observed in three-dimensional (3D) GaN truncated pyramid structures fabricated with air void and a SiO₂ layer. This 3D structure was fabricated using a self-aligned twofold epitaxial lateral overgrowth technique, which improved both the internal quantum efficiency and the light extraction efficiency. In addition, a reduced leakage current was observed due to the effective suppression of threading dislocations. While this study focuses primarily on the blue emission wavelength region, this approach can also be applied to overcome the efficiency degradation problem in the ultraviolet, green, and red emission regions.