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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
Published on: March 6, 2019
Technical aspects of mediastinal ultrasound for pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis
Kara-Lee Pool1, Charlotte C Heuvelings2,3, Sabine Bélard2,3,4,5
1Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Medical Center, 757 Westwood Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7437, USA. kpool@mednet.ucla.edu.
Abstract:
Diagnosing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may be challenging due to difficulties in obtaining adequate sputum samples, paucibacillary disease and the low sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Chest radiography is an important diagnostic tool for pulmonary TB, but it involves radiation exposure, requires facilities that can house X-ray equipment and has poor inter-reader agreement. The cardinal radiologic finding of mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be detected using mediastinal ultrasound (US). We describe technical aspects of performing mediastinal US, which may assist diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary TB.
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