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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

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Sensing viruses using terahertz nano-gap metamaterials.

S J Park¹, S H Cha¹, G A Shin²

¹Department of Physics and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea.

Biomedical Optics Express

|September 1, 2017

Summary

Highly sensitive virus detection is achieved using terahertz split-ring resonators. Decreasing the resonator gap width significantly enhances sensitivity for detecting viruses like MS2 and PRD1.

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Area of Science:

Metamaterials and Nanotechnology
Terahertz Spectroscopy
Biosensing

Background:

Viruses pose significant health risks, necessitating sensitive and rapid detection methods.
Terahertz (THz) metamaterials offer unique electromagnetic properties for label-free biosensing.
Dielectric properties of biological substances are crucial for THz-based detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate highly sensitive virus detection using terahertz split-ring resonators (TSRRs).
To investigate the effect of capacitive gap width on TSRR sensitivity for virus detection.
To correlate virus dielectric properties with detection sensitivity.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of TSRRs with varying capacitive gap widths.
Measurement of dielectric constants of virus samples (PRD1 and MS2) in the THz range.

Keywords:

(050.6624) Subwavelength structures (160.3918) Metamaterials (170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology (300.6495) Spectroscopy, terahertz

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Monitoring resonance-frequency shifts of TSRRs upon low-density virus deposition.

Analysis of sensitivity based on resonance shift and virus surface density.

Main Results:

Viruses (PRD1, MS2) were detected at low densities on TSRR surfaces.
MS2 virus, with a higher dielectric constant, induced a larger resonance frequency shift.
Sensitivity increased with virus surface density up to a saturation point.
A 13-fold increase in sensitivity was observed when decreasing the TSRR gap width from 3 µm to 200 nm.

Conclusions:

TSRRs enable highly sensitive, label-free detection of viruses.
Reducing metamaterial gap width dramatically enhances detection sensitivity due to field localization.
This approach holds promise for rapid and sensitive viral diagnostics.