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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

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Microemulsion-Based Soft Bacteria-Driven Microswimmers for Active Cargo Delivery.

Ajay Vikram Singh1, Zeinab Hosseinidoust1, Byung-Wook Park1

  • 1Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Stuttgart 70569, Germany.

ACS Nano
|September 1, 2017
PubMed
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Researchers developed bacteria-driven soft microswimmers for targeted cargo delivery. These biohybrid robots successfully transported imaging agents to cancer and macrophage cells for live-cell imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microfluidics
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Biohybrid cell-driven microsystems enable soft microrobot development.
  • Bacteria offer active locomotion and sensing capabilities for microscale applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a bacteria-driven microswimmer for active transport and delivery of cargo.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using these microswimmers for live-cell imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized quasi-monodisperse double emulsions with an aqueous core and functionalized oil shell.
  • Encapsulated fluorescence imaging agents and attached biotin-conjugated Escherichia coli.
  • Propelled microswimmers across a Transwell membrane to deliver cargo to cultured cells.
Keywords:
double emulsionsgolgi trackermicroswimmerssoft robotstargeted drug delivery

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Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Bacteria-driven microswimmers successfully transported imaging agents to MCF7 breast cancer and J774A.1 macrophage cells.
  • Enabled real-time, live-cell imaging of cellular organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body).
  • Demonstrated proof-of-concept for active delivery of cargo using soft microswimmers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed soft microswimmers show promise for biomedical applications, including targeted transport and delivery of agents.
  • Potential applications include drug delivery, gene therapy, and imaging in disease models and low-flow fluidic regions.
  • This biohybrid approach offers a novel platform for advanced microrobotics in medicine.