Concomitant orbital aspergillosis and mucormycosis in a 17 months old immunocompetent child

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Mycology
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Multiple orbital fungal infections (aspergillosis & mucormycosis) are exceptionally rare in immunocompetent children.
• Prosthetic device placement during surgery may be a risk factor.
• Orbital fungal infections often present with symptoms that mimic other orbital diseases, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of isolated multiple orbital fungal infection in an immunocompetent child.
• To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and management of such rare conditions.

Main Methods:

• A case presentation of a 17-month-old immunocompetent child with orbital fungal infection.
• Diagnosis confirmed via tissue biopsy.
• Management included surgical debridement and intravenous liposomal amphotericin B.

Main Results:

• The child was diagnosed with co-existing orbital aspergillosis and mucormycosis.
• The clinical presentation mimicked orbital cellulitis and chronic dacryocystitis.
• Successful treatment was achieved with surgical intervention and antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:

• A high index of suspicion for fungal infection is crucial after surgical interventions involving prosthetic materials.
• Orbital aspergillosis is exceptionally rare in immunocompetent young children.
• Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are vital for favorable outcomes in pediatric orbital mycoses.