Beating 'Guangdong cancer': a review and update on nasopharyngeal cancer

Once endemic in southern China, nasopharyngeal cancer is becoming less prevalent in Hong Kong. This is probably due to a better understanding of the risk factors associated with the disease, its genomic landscape, advances in radiotherapy technology, and development of effective systemic agents. More specifically, the close relationship between Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal cancer opens up the possibility of using Epstein-Barr virus DNA as a biomarker for early detection and monitoring of the disease. On the other hand, the looming genomic data for nasopharyngeal cancer aid in the development of powerful biomarkers and promising targeted therapy. Clinical use of a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy continues to increase, while the development of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, offers hope in improving treatment outcome.