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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
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Correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic in TCV.

M Fontana1, L Porte1, P Molina Cabrera1

  • 1Swiss Plasma Center, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The upgraded electron cyclotron emission diagnostic now measures electron temperature fluctuations across most of the plasma profile. This advancement enables detailed studies of plasma turbulence in variable tokamak configurations.

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Area of Science:

  • Fusion energy research
  • Plasma physics
  • Diagnostic instrumentation

Background:

  • Tokamak devices are crucial for controlled nuclear fusion research.
  • Accurate measurement of plasma properties is essential for understanding and controlling fusion reactions.
  • Electron temperature fluctuations significantly impact plasma stability and confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the upgrades to the correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic system.
  • To highlight the enhanced capabilities for measuring electron temperature fluctuations.
  • To demonstrate the system's application in studying turbulence in variable tokamak configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Upgraded diagnostic with three lines of sight, including a steerable antenna with polarization control.
  • Shared transmission line with reflectometry for simultaneous temperature and density measurements.
  • Flexible front-end selection and tunable YIG filters for wide radial coverage.
  • Achieved minimum detectable electron temperature fluctuation level of δTe/Te∼0.5%.

Main Results:

  • The upgraded system enables measurement of electron temperature fluctuations over a large fraction of plasma profiles.
  • Simultaneous measurements of temperature and density fluctuations are possible in shared plasma volumes.
  • The system was successfully employed to study plasmas with varying triangularity (0.6 to -0.6).

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced electron cyclotron emission diagnostic provides unprecedented flexibility and sensitivity for plasma turbulence studies.
  • The system's capabilities facilitate in-depth investigations into the relationship between plasma shape and turbulence.
  • This upgrade represents a significant advancement in diagnostic tools for magnetic confinement fusion research.